Bentham & Hooker system
An early taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants was published in :
- G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker (three volumes, 1862–1883). Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita. (available online at Gallica and elsewhere).
The system recognises the following main groups:
- DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM
- Series 1. THALAMIFLORÆ
- Series 2. DISCIFLORÆ
- Series 3. CALYCIFLORÆ
- DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ
- Series 1. INFERÆ
- Series 2. HETEROMERÆ
- Series 3. BICARPELLATÆ
- DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ
- GYMNOSPERMEÆ
- MONOCOTYLEDONES
Families and orders in the Bentham & Hooker system
Note that this system was published well before there were internationally accepted rules for botanical nomenclature. It indicates a family by "ordo"; an order is indicated by "cohors" (in the first two volumes) or "series" (in the third volume); in the first two volumes “series” refers to a rank above that of order. Terminations for families are not what they are now. Neither of these phenomena is a problem from a nomenclatural perspective: the ICBN provides for this.
- DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM
- SERIES I THALAMIFLORÆ
- COHORS I. RANALES
- I. RANUNCULACEÆ
- II. DILLENIACEÆ
- III. CALYCANTHACEÆ
- IV. MAGNOLIACEÆ
- V. ANONACEÆ [sic]
- VI. MENISPERMACEÆ
- VII. BERBERIDEÆ
- VIII. NYMPHÆACEÆ
- COHORS II. PARIETALES
- IX. SARRACENIACEÆ
- X. PAPAVERACEÆ
- XI. CRUCIFERÆ
- XII. CAPPARIDEÆ
- XIII. RESEDACEÆ
- XIV. CISTINEÆ
- XV. VIOLARIEÆ
- XVI. CANELLACEÆ
- XVII. BIXINEÆ
- COHORS III. POLYGALINÆ
- XVIII. PITTOSPOREÆ
- XIX. TREMANDREÆ
- XX. POLYGALÆ
- XXa. VOCHYSIACEÆ
- COHORS IV. CARYOPHYLLINÆ
- XXI. FRANKENIACEÆ
- XXII. CARYOPHYLLEÆ
- XXIII. PORTULACEÆ
- XIV. TAMARISCINEÆ
- COHORS V. GUTTIFERALES
- XXV. ELATINEÆ
- XXVI. HYPERICINEÆ
- XXVII. GUTTIFERÆ
- XXVIII. TERNSTROEMIACEÆ
- XXIX. DIPTEROCARPEÆ
- XXX. CHLENACEÆ
- COHORS VI. MALVALES
- XXXI. MALVACEÆ
- XXXII. STERCULIACEÆ
- XXXIII. TILIACEÆ
- SERIES II. DISCIFLORÆ
- COHORS VII. GERANIALES
- XXXIV LINEÆ
- XXXV. HUMIRIACEÆ
- XXXVI. MALPIGHIACEÆ
- XXXVII. ZYGOPHYLLEÆ
- XXXVIII. GERANIACEÆ
- XXXIX. RUTACEÆ
- XL. SIMARUBEÆ [sic]
- XLI. OCHNACEÆ
- XLII. BURSERACEÆ
- XLIII. MELIACEÆ
- XLIV. CHAILLETIACEÆ
- COHORS VIII. OLACALES
- XLV. OLACINEÆ
- XLVI. ILICINEÆ
- COHORS IX. CELASTRALES
- XLVII. CELASTRINEÆ
- XLVIII. STACKHOUSIEÆ
- XLIX. RHAMNEÆ
- L. AMPELIDEÆ
- COHORS X. SAPINDALES
- LI. SAPINDACEÆ
- LII. SABIACEÆ
- LIII. ANACARDIACEÆ
- Incertae sedis
- LIV. CORIARIÆ
- LV. MORINGEÆ
- SERIES III. CALYCIFLORÆ
- COHORS XI. ROSALES
- LVI. CONNARACEÆ
- LVII. LEGUMINOSÆ
- LVIII. ROSACEÆ
- LIX. SAXIFRAGEÆ
- LX. CRASSULACEÆ
- LXI. DROSERACEÆ
- LXII. HAMAMELIDEÆ
- LXIII. BRUNIACEÆ
- LXIV. HALORAGEÆ
- COHORS XII. MYRTALES
- LXV. RHIZOPHOREÆ
- LXVI. COMBRETACEÆ
- LXVII. MYRTACEÆ
- LXVIII. MELASTOMACEÆ
- LXIX. LYTHRARIEÆ
- LXX. ONAGRARIEÆ
- COHORS XIII. PASSIFLORALES
- LXXI. SAMYDACEÆ
- LXXII. LOASEÆ
- LXXIII. TURNERACEÆ
- LXXIV. PASSIFLOREÆ
- LXXV. CUCURBITACEÆ
- LXXVI. BEGONIACEÆ
- LXXVII. DATISCEÆ
- COHORS XIV. FICOIDALES
- LXXVIII. CACTEÆ
- LXXIX. FICIOIDEÆ
- COHORS XV. UMBELLALES
- LXXX. UMBELLIFERÆ
- LXXXI. ARALIACEÆ
- LXXXII. CORNACEÆ
- DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ
- SERIES I. INFERÆ
- COHORS I. RUBIALES
- LXXXIII. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ
- LXXXIV. RUBIACEÆ
- COHORS II. ASTERALES
- LXXXV. VALERIANEÆ
- LXXXVI. DIPSACEÆ
- LXXXVII. CALCEREÆ
- LXXXVIII. COMPOSITÆ
- COHORS III. CAMPANALES
- LXXXIX. STYLIDIEÆ
- LC. GOODENOVIEÆ
- XCI. CAMPANULACEÆ
- SERIES II. HETEROMERÆ
- COHORS IV ERICALES
- XCII. VACCINIACEÆ
- XCIII. ERICACEÆ
- XCIV. MONOTROPEÆ
- XCV. EPACRIDEÆ
- XCVI. DIAPENSIACEÆ
- XCVII. LENNOACEÆ
- COHORS V. PRIMULALES
- XCVIII. PLUMBAGINEÆ
- XCIX. PRIMULACEÆ
- C. MYRSINEÆ
- COHORS VI. EBENALES
- CI. SAPOTACEÆ
- CII. EBENACEÆ
- CIII. STYRACEÆ
- SERIES III. BICAPELLATÆ
- COHORS VII. GENTIANALES
- CIV. OLEACEÆ
- CV. SALVADORACEÆ
- CVI. APOCYNACEÆ
- CVII. ASCLEPIADEÆ
- CVIII. LOGANIACEÆ
- CIX. GENTIANEÆ
- COHORS VIII. POLEMONIALES
- CX. POLEMONIACEÆ
- CXI. HYDROPHYLLACEÆ
- CXII. BORAGINEÆ
- CXIII. CONVOLVULACEÆ
- CXIV. SOLANACEÆ
- COHORS IX. PERSONALES
- CXV. SCROPHULARINEÆ
- CXVI. OROBRANCHACEÆ
- CXVII. LENTIBULARIEÆ
- CXVIII. COLUMELLIACEÆ
- CXIX. GESNERACEÆ [sic]
- CXX. BIGNONIACEÆ
- CXXI. PEDALINEÆ
- CXXII. ACANTHACEÆ
- COHORS X. LAMIALES
- CXXIII. MYOPORINEÆ
- CXXIV. SELAGINEÆ
- CXXV. VERBENACEÆ
- CXXVI. LABIATÆ
- incertae sedis
- CXXVII. PLANTAGINEÆ
- DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ
-
- Series I. Curvembryeæ
- CXXVIII. NYCTAGINEÆ
- CXXIX. ILLECEBRACEÆ
- CXXX. AMARANTACEÆ [sic]
- CXXXI. CHENOPODIACEÆ
- CXXXII. PHYTOLACCACEÆ
- CXXXIII. BATIDEÆ
- CXXXIV. POLYGONACEÆ
- Series II. Multiovulatæ Aquaticæ
- CXXXV. PODOSTEMONACEÆ
- Series III. Multiovulatæ Terrestres
- CXXXVI. NEPENTHACEÆ
- CXXXVII. CYTINACEÆ
- CXXXVIII. ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ
- Series IV. Micrembryeæ
- CXXXIX. PIPERACEÆ
- CXL. CHLORANTACEÆ
- CXLI. MYRISTICEÆ
- CXLII. MONIMIACEÆ
- Series V. Daphnales
- CXLIII. LAURINEÆ
- CXLIV. PROTEACEÆ
- CXLV. THYMELÆACEÆ
- CXLVI. PENÆACEÆ
- CXLVII. ELÆAGNACEÆ
- Series VI. Achlamydosporeæ
- CXLVIII. LORANTHACEÆ
- CXLIX. SANTALACEÆ
- CL. BALANOPHOREÆ
- Series VII. Unisexuales
- CLI. EUPHORBIACEÆ
- CLII. BALANOPEÆ
- CLIII. URTICACEÆ
- CLIV. PLATANACEÆ
- CLV. LEITNERIEÆ
- CLVI. JUGLANDEÆ
- CLVII. MYRICACEÆ
- CLVIII. CASUARINEÆ
- CLIX. CUPULIFERÆ
- Series VIII. Ordines anomali (incertae sedis)
- CLX. SALICINEÆ
- CLXI. LACISTEMACEÆ
- CLXII. EMPETRACEÆ
- CLXIII. CERATOPHYLLEÆ
- GYMNOSPERMEÆ [sic]
-
-
- CLXIV. GNETACEÆ
- CLXV. CONIFERÆ
- CLXVI. CYCADACEÆ
- MONOCOTYLEDONES
-
- Series I. Microspermæ
- CLXVII. HYDROCHARIDEÆ
- CLXVIII. BURMANNIACEÆ
- CLXIX. ORCHIDEÆ
- Series II Epigynæ
- CLXX. SCITAMINEÆ
- CLXXI. BROMELIACEÆ
- CLXXII. HAEMODORACEÆ
- CLXXIII. IIRIDEÆ
- CLXXIV. AMARYLLIDEÆ
- CLXXV. TACCACEÆ
- CLXXVI. DIOSCOREACEÆ
- Series III Coronarieæ
- CLXXVII. ROXBURGHIACEÆ
- CLXXVIII. LILIACEÆ
- CLXXIX. PONTEDERIACEÆ
- CLXXX. PHILYDRACEÆ
- CLXXXI. XYRIDEÆ
- CLXXXII. MAYACEÆ
- CLXXXIII. COMMELINACEÆ
- CLXXXIV. RAPATEACEÆ
- Series VI Calycineæ
- CLXXXV. FLAGELLARIEÆ
- CLXXXVI. JUNCACEÆ
- CLXXXVII. PALMÆ
- Series V. Nudifloreæ
- CLXXXVIII. PANDANEÆ
- CLXXXIX. CYCLANTHACEÆ
- CXC TYPHACEÆ
- CXCI. AROIDEÆ
- CXCII. LEMNACEÆ
- Series VI. Apocarpæ
- CXCIII. TRIURIDEÆ
- CXCIV. ALISMACEÆ
- CXCV. NAIADACEÆ [sic]
- Series VII. Glumaceæ
- CXCVI. ERIOCAULEÆ
- CXCVII. CENTROLEPIDEÆ
- CXCVIII. RESTIACEÆ
- CXCIX. CYPERACEÆ
- CC. GRAMINEÆ
See also